Cholera alert to general public ghana health service. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of outbreak response activities undertaken in affected areas. On the 30th july, 2014, a 26 year old male recorded as the index case of the cholera outbreak in the brong ahafo region with a history of travel from accra reported to the nkoranza district hospital with a history of symptoms suggestive of cholera. Main body this commentary aims to throw light on the menace of cholera in ghana.
Since 1990 and up to 2010, the overall yearly trend showed a decrease over time in size. This document has been downloaded from the whocsr web site. The bacteria typically live in waters that are somewhat salty and warm, such as estuaries and waters along coastal areas. The periodic and seasonal outbreaks of cholera in ghana make the disease a vital health concern. Increased commerce, migration, and pilgrimage are credited for its transmission. On may 6th, 2010, suspect cholera cases were reported from the district of makary in the far north region of cameroon. These bacteria are mainly found in humans although the bacteria may be found in brackish water and estuaries.
Jun 15, 2018 the dramatic consequences of cyclical cholera outbreaks in recent years in ghana are worrying. Nigeria, ghana and democratic republic of the congo being the most affected countries with ghana reporting its worst outbreak since 1982. In contrast, other regions such as parts of south america have historically had only sporadic epidemics. The disease is listed as one of three internationally quarantinable diseases by the world health organization, along with plague and yellow fever. Increase of cholera cases in the horn of africa and the. Selected cholera hotspots in ghana from 1998 to 2017. In july 2014, the first cholera cases were reported in accra, ghana. A study from ghana, conducted a decade after an epidemic, concluded that health educational messages on cholera transmitted by radio during the epidemic. Ghana has documented recurrent cholera outbreaks daviesteye, 2014.
Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater accra. Cholera is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called vibrio cholerae. Pdf background a nationwide outbreak of vibrio cholerae occurred in. Cholera has erupted in the southern cape coast district, with a sudden escalation of cases within days, rising from 36 on 26 october 2016 to 117 by 30 october, notably with no fatality. Evidence of cholera economic costs on affected households has been limited. Cdc was invited by the cameroon ministry of public health moph. The country is cholera endemic with several communities within cholera hotspots. There is a lack of agreement about the early history of cholera. Shellfish found in united states coastal waters can be contaminated with v. In october 2010 an outbreak of cholera began among a group of smallscale gold miners in the eastakim municipality eam, eastern region.
Examining health literacy on cholera in an endemic community. Cholera epidemiology and response factsheet nigeria cholera epidemiology and response factsheet nigeria cholera overview cholera was first reported in nigeria in 1970. Research article open access assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two districts in ghana sallyann ohene1, wisdom klenyuie2 and mark sarpeh3 abstract background. Dissertation or thesis cholera prevention and control in. When it comes to the romance novels, the one we are talking about s without any doubt very best of these novels.
Main body this commentary aims to throw light on the menace of cholera in ghana and the need to curb the recurrence. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of. The risk for cholera is very low for people visiting areas with epidemic cholera. Comparison of incidence from endemic areas in asia and africa cdc pdf pdf 5 pages external. In june 2014, a cholera outbreak was reported in ghana. The reemergence of cholera in kenya in the first months of 2015 suggests that cholera remains a public health threat. Dynamics of cholera epidemics from benin to mauritania. Cholera is a form of acute, watery diarrhoea that is caused by a bacterial infection. High and low incidence areas hia and lia were selected in comparative cost analysis and disease impact. This disease doesnt vibrio come on immediately, cholerae so it is hard to diagnose. Rapid risk assessment cholera cases in the horn of africa and gulf of aden 19 may 2017 2 disease background information cholera is an acute enteric infection caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae.
Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in. Author summary we analyzed cholera epidemics from benin to mauritania, during 2009 to 2015, and performed a series of field visits as well as molecular epidemiology analyses of v. Cholera, unlike other diarrheal diseases, is fatal even among healthy young adults, and poses a greater risk of death among immunocompromised individuals and. In the twentyfirst century, subsaharan africa bears the brunt of global cholera. Spatial and demographic patterns of cholera in ashanti region. In its most severe form, cholera is one of the swiftest lethal infectious diseases. Cholera epidemiology and response factsheet ghana cholera epidemiology and response factsheet ghana cholera overview cholera was first reported in ghana in 1970. Cholera has erupted in the southern cape coast district, with a sudden escalation of cases within days, rising from 36 on 26 october. Cholera prevention and control centers for disease control. The first major outbreak occurred in 1982, when about 15,032 cases were recorded.
These epidemics are now predictable but sanitary reforms have been inactive, ineffective and local authorities have failed in applying necessary byelaws on food hygiene, sanitation, environmental health and waste disposal. By october in the far north region, most burdened by the epidemic, 7,822 cases and 518 had been confirmed. On 11 april 2012, the ministry of health notified who of a cholera outbreak in the greater accra region. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc has collaborated with the ghana health service ghs, ghana aids commission gac, and other agencies since 2009 through the us presidents emergency program for aids relief pepfar to support hivaids prevention, care, and treatment. Between 1999 and 2005, africa alone accounted for about 90% of over 1 million reported cholera cases worldwide. In one of the affected regions in ghana, ashanti region, massive outbreaks and high incidences of cholera have predominated in urban and overcrowded communities. We embarked on a retrospective assessment of the 2012 cholera outbreak response in the two study districts. Nov 01, 2016 cholera has erupted in the southern cape coast district, with a sudden escalation of cases within days, rising from 36 on 26 october 2016 to 117 by 30 october, notably with no fatality.
As of 18 aug, 6,018 cases including 47 deaths case fatality rate of 0. In ghana, there have been over 27000 reported cases since 1999. The rationale for this c4d product is also to have. Brinksma, on account of the decision of the graduation committee, to be publicly defended on thursday 9 december 2010 at 15. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection that occurs when a certain bacteria is ingested. Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two. Ghana recorded its worst outbreak of cholera in 2014 with eight out of its 10. In january 2015 the greater accra region and volta region still reported cases of cholera while in the rest of ghana the outbreak was declared over. From 1998 to 2017, greater accra alone recorded 58. We found that at least 54% of cases concerned populations living in the three urban areas of accra, freetown, and conakry. In ghana, the first case of cholera occurred on september 1, 1970 following the seventh pandemic that started in indonesia in 1961 15. Between january and 6 may 2012, a total of 3,216 cases and 28 deaths were reported from 20. Rapid risk assessment cholera cases in the horn of africa and gulf of aden 19 may 2017 3 between 19 september 2015 and 24 july 2016, 4 330 cases, including 68 deaths cfr.
The first case of cholera in ghana was in a togolese national in transit at the kotoka international airport from guinea. The dramatic consequences of cyclical cholera outbreaks in recent years in ghana are worrying. Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014. Aug 12, 2008 between 1999 and 2005, africa alone accounted for about 90% of over 1 million reported cholera cases worldwide. A lion in our village the unconscionable tragedy of cholera in africa. Evaluation of cholera surveillance system in osu klottey district, accra, ghana 201120. A descriptive study of cholera cases for 2014 was conducted in all the administrative districts of brong ahafo, one of the ten administrative regions of ghana fig. Cholera is an acute, diarrhoeal illness caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae the infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe washing hands with soap and water is the basis of health cholera. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater. Spatial and demographic patterns of cholera in ashanti. To assess the successes and gaps, we inquired about the actions that were. All people visitors or residents in areas where cholera is occurring or has occurred should be aware of the basic cholera facts and follow these five basic cholera prevention steps to protect themselves and their family 1, 2.
However, there have been large outbreaks in 2011 and 2012. Pdf evaluation of cholera surveillance system in osu. This study, therefore, assesses health literacy on cholera and the association between health literacy competency and health outcome. Manufactured in the united states of america bomc offers recordings and compact discs, cassettes and records. Between 1999 and 2005, africa accounted for about 90% of the cholera cases and 96% of the cholera related deaths worldwide. The region with a territorial size of 39,557 km 2 is the second largest in ghana and located in the central part of the country with an estimated population of 2. The greater accra region gar was the most affected, recording almost 98% of all cholera cases 14. Aug 12, 2008 cholera has claimed many lives throughout history and it continues to be a global threat, especially in countries in africa. We investigated to verify the diagnosis, identify risk factors and recommend control measures.
We combined information on cholera incidence in subsaharan africa excluding djibouti and eritrea from 2010 to 2016 from datasets from who, medecins sans frontieres, promed, reliefweb, ministries of health, and the scientific literature. The ghana news agency gna was established on march 5, 1957, i. Cholera, unlike other diarrheal diseases, is fatal even among healthy young adults, and poses a greater risk of death among immunocompromised individuals and malnourished children. In january 2015 the greater accra region and volta region still reported cases of cholera while in the rest of ghana. The agency said that the outbreak was centered in impoverished. The bacterium is vibrio cholerae, which can either be of type o1 or o9. Pdf large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. For information and catalog write to bomr, camp hill, pa 17012. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days.
Odei 1ghana field epidemiology and laboratory training programme, school of public health, university of. Cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others, the ghana health service said friday. Linking to a nonfederal website does not constitute an endorsement by cdc or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Since 1990, large outbreaks were reported in 1991, 1996, 1999 and from 2009 to 2011 fig. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the cdc website the centers for disease control and prevention cdc cannot attest to the accuracy of a nonfederal website. Outbreak of cholera in the east akim municipality of ghana.
A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana global. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana volunteers comb the marketplaces of cape coast, ghana educating stall owners on how to prevent the spread of cholera. By the end of january 2015 when the outbreak was finally contained, over 28, 000 cases with 243 deaths had been recorded in all 10 regions of ghana. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on. Cholera epidemiology, prevention and control intechopen.
Once a susceptible individual is contaminated via a natural reservoir or a human carrier and thus becomes an index case, a. Odei 1ghana field epidemiology and laboratory training programme, school of public health. This study employed a mixed methods approach to investigate the successes and challenges of cholera prevention and control in kenya through analysis of cholera surveillance data and key informant interviews. Though investigations were done intensively to identify the risk factors 10 as is done for almost every cholera outbreak in ghana, no systematic effort have been put in. Ghana recorded its worst outbreak of cholera in 2014 with eight out of its 10 regions being affected. Cholera is a preventable disease provided that safe water is made available and proper sanitation practices are adhered to. Volunteer training was done using a manual on the management of. A73a8 1988 863 87 40484 isbn 0394561619 isbn 03988 lim. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. Cholera is a contagious diarrheal disease caused by toxins produced by certain vibrio cholerae bacteria.
Examining health literacy on cholera in an endemic. It takes between 12 hours and 5 days for a person to show symptoms after ingesting contaminated food or water 2. However, upper west, northern, upper east and volta region are the least affected region s in ghana. Socioeconomic factors associated with cholera outbreak in. Epidemics of choleralike diseases have been described by visitors to the indian subcontinent. Cholera is a diarrhoeal disease caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Infected togolese national on transit to conakry, guinea collapsed at the kotoka international airport in accra, ghana and was found to have cholera 16. Ghana has seen recurrent epidemics in recent years, posing health system challenge.
Ghana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in three decades in 2014. The case of cholera epidemiology in ghana dissertation to obtain the degree of doctor at the university of twente, on the authority of the rector magnificus, prof. Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea. An outbreak of cholera has claimed more than 550 lives with more than 42,000 cases being reported since january in eastern and southern. Preparedness, prevention and control elizabeth lamond and jesee kinyanjui june 2012.
These efforts led to a dramatic drop in cholera incidence from 735 cases in 2016, to just 9 cases since january 2017. This study assessed the response activities undertaken in two districts, akatsi district in volta region and komendaedinaeguafoabirem keea municipal in central region during the 2012 cholera epidemic in ghana. Oct 11, 2017 ghana recorded its worst outbreak of cholera in 2014 with eight out of its 10 regions being affected. This study aimed to describe, identify the cause and socioeconomic factors associated with 2012 cholera outbreak in osuklottey district for policy recommendations. Mar 18, 2016 the animation on cholera is being produced with the objectives to cover transmission, prevention, signs, and care in a simple and accessible way. The cholera outbreak started in june 2014 and continued to 2015. Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two districts in ghana sallyann ohene1, wisdom klenyuie2 and mark sarpeh3 abstract background. In 1970, the first cholera case was reported in ghana, after which cholera has been endemic in ghana.
Cholera, largely eliminated from industrialized countries by water and sewage treatment over a century ago, still remains a significant cause of illness and death in many african countries. September 2014 volume 48, number 3 ghana medical journal. Cholera in ghana is an urban problem with high impact on the urban poor. Cholera most likely originates in the subcontinent of india, where most of the cholera pandemics will later start. We made use of the who cholera evaluation tool obtained from the who document, cholera outbreak. Confusion arose because it was difficult to define cholera precisely which has a broad clinical spectrum and to distinguish it from many other diseases associated with diarrhea and vomiting. Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium vibrio cholerae. The study adopted a health literacy framework that theorized the pathways between. Cholera affects both children and adults and can kill within hours if untreated. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana bmc. Cholera has claimed many lives throughout history and it continues to be a global threat, especially in countries in africa. The first six cholera pandemics occurred consecutively and continuously over time.
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